Invisible Revolution : the Engelbart story

Doug Engelbart's INVISIBLE REVOLUTION

Full Interview List (ONLY confirmed listings for Television version, not produced)

SRI ARC.

Bill English ARC

Doug's Do-er.

Bill English was the first to arrive. In the beginning of 64. He got his M.S. at Stanford in 62. He had come to know Doug through his work on core memory.

Doug on the 68 demo: "...Okay, we could do it. Actually, it never would have flown if it weren't for Bill English. Somehow he's in his element just to go arrange things. Pretty soon we had video channels from the telephone company all arranged."

Jeff Rulifson. ARC

Jeff helped Doug build NLS and was a part of the 68 demo.

Jeff went to a 65 conference and met Doug. Even though Doug didn't have anything operational at that point, Jeff got excited, flew with Doug to SRI and called his wife: "We're moving to California!"

At that point, in early 1966, they had a small 12 bit (the amount of data a computer works on at the same time, todays are 32 and the new Mac is 64, but these were huge and very expensive) mini computer (CDC 160a) and a CDC 3100 which was a 24 bit computer (yes, a geek name Fleur!).

Jeffs job was to bring up the first real display based system on the CDC 3100, a system which was used by several people at SRI. Everything was written from scratch, including the very first on-line editor.

Charles Irby. ARC

Charles Irby worked with Doug Engelbart on NLS and can greatly contribute to the inside story.

Charles Irby has over thirty years of experience in systems and software. Most recently responsible for consumer products and technology at Silicon Graphics, Mr. Irby was previously in charge of development at General Magic, where he produced the products Magic Cap and Telescript. Before that, he was a co-founder of Metaphor Computer Systems, director of the Advanced Development Group at Xerox PARC's Office System Division (where he led design of the Xerox Star user interface). He worked with Doug Engelbart on NLS at SRI's Augmentation Research Center in the early 1970's. Mr. Irby holds a master's degree in computer science and electronic engineering from UCSD, where he also completed coursework toward a doctorate.

Hypertext.

Ted Nelson. Hypertext Inventor

Ted Nelson will discuss his relationship with Doug and his own pioneering work in the history of interactive computing. Ted & Doug have been friends for a very long time, passionately engaged in the same issues but often with very different perspectives of how to go about building the systems they envision.

Ted Nelson is a visionary who is credited with coining the term hypertext. His book Computer Lib/Dream Machines (Mindful Press) described the importance of hypertext systems. He expanded this concept by mapping out a distributed inter linked HyperText system he called Xanadu, in which readers could follow their interests over a network to wherever relevant resources resided. Furthermore, anyone could publish their work in this inter linked system.

The World Wide Web bears an uncanny resemblance to some of the more superficial features of Xanadu, which is no coincidence; some of the Web's developers acknowledge that Nelson's ideas influenced them strongly. Nelson notes that networked hypermedia goes beyond a new technical system; it has more radical implication because it promotes populism (availability to all authors at low cost), pluralism (support of many points of view), unorthodoxy (encouragement of controversial subjects), and universalism (ideas spread in spite of geographical or other boundaries.

His publications include Computer Lib/Dream Machines, 1974, updated Microsoft edition, 1987. The Home Computer Revolution, 1977 translated also into Japanese and Swedish. Literary Machines, 1981 with a major revision in 1987. Translated also into Japanese and Italian. The Future of Information, 1997 published in Japan in one special edition.

Andries van Dam. Hypertext pioneer. Professor of Technology and Education and Professor of Computer Science Brown University

Andy van Dam is an early hypertext inventor, able to provide fresh insights into his work and that of his contemporaries, which spans the full length of modern computing

When Andries van Dam and his colleagues at Brown University created the first hypertext system in 1967. He named the two figures that served to inspire his achievement: Doug Engelbart, who started the idea of outlining information and linking one piece to the another; and Ted Nelson, a college friend of Andries's who had worked on developing the HES ("Hypertext Editing System") with Andries, and who had coined the word "hypertext."

HES set the following precedents: It allowed massive on-screen editing. It allowed a typed string to be as long as the user wants it to be. It allowed links within a document, leading to other parts of the document or another document altogether.

Despite setting the precedents, however, HES ran on a very inefficient and time-shared machine that had only 128K. But it was soon succeeded by Andries's second system: FRESS.

His publications, many as co-author, include Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics (1982) and the greatly expanded successor, Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (1990). Pascal on the Macintosh - a Graphical Approach (1987). Object-Oriented Programming in Pascal, A Graphical Approach, (1995). Frontiers of Human-Centered Computing, OnLine Communities and Virtual Environments (2001). van Dam has authored or coauthored over 90 papers.

Among his awards is the ACM SIGCSE Award for Outstanding Contributions to Computer Science Education (2000). In 1994 he became an IEEE Fellow and an ACM Fellow. In 1996 he was inducted into the National Academy of Engineering, in 2000 he became a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1967, Professor van Dam co-founded ACM SIGGRAPH, from 1985 through 1987 was Chairman of the Computing Research Association, and is currently on the NSF CISE advisory committee. He has been Associate Editor of the "ACM Transactions on Graphics" (1981-1986), Editorial Board Member of "Computers and Graphics", Pergamon Press (1983 -1994), Advisory Editor, "Journal of Visual Languages and Computing", Academic Press (1989-1998), and Editorial Board Member of the "IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics", (1994-1998).

He is currently heads the Technical Advisory Boards of the Providence Fraunhofer Center for Research in Computer Graphics and ContextMedia, and is on the Technical Advisory Board for Microsoft Research. He is the Chairman of the IEEE James H. Mulligan, Jr. Education Medal committee.

Development of the personal computer.

Robert Taylor. ARPA, XEROX

Important Doug supporter.

In 1966 Robert Taylor took on the role of director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office, formerly headed by J. C. R. Licklieder. Upon arrival, he began to notice a lot of duplicate work being done at ARPA funded institutions. Furthermore, these institutions were always asking for newer and better (more expensive) computers. Realizing the enormous cost associated with this Roberts decided that ARPA should link these institutions together.

Taylor's first choice to head up the project was Larry Roberts. While Roberts didn't want to take the position initially, Taylor leveraged the funding that ARPA provided to Robert's lab at MIT in order to persuade him.

Only eleven months after the launch of the ARPANET Taylor left in September 1970 to create the computer science lab at Xerox Corp.'s Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC).

Steve Wozniak. Co-Founder of Apple

Steve Wozniak will give his exciting story of bringing computer power to the masses and of how important real education is.

Steve Wozniak, the son of a Lockheed engineer, grew up in Sunnyvale, where he dreamed of having his own computer. The rest is Silicon Valley legend.

At the Homebrew Computer Club, he passed out copies of his original designs. With Steve Jobs, he began working on a commercial model and in 1977, the Apple II made its debut. Three years later, Apple went public. The 30-year-old ''Woz'' was suddenly worth millions and became a symbol of free-wheeling nerd enterprise and ingenuity.

In early 1981, a high performance plane Wozniak was piloting went down and he was seriously injured. After recovering, he took a leave of absence from Apple. He sponsored two large rock concerts -- the U.S. Festivals -- and devoted himself to his growing family, to community projects and to education. Today, in a small office in Los Gatos, he teaches computer skills to local students and advises school districts on how to get wired.

Recently, Wozniak returned to the Apple fold as an advisor.

Alan Kay. XEROX PARC & Apple pioneer

Alan Kay has shaped the way we work with his work at XEROX PARC and Apple. He will help us understand what shaped his innovations and how it relates to other work.

Alan Kay is a renowned visionary, and pivotal researcher in modern computer science. He is best known for developing the idea of personal computing and the concept of the intimate laptop computer, the Dynabook, and inventing the now ubiquitous overlapping window interface that has made PCs easier to use. He also invented modern object-oriented programming. These ideas and innovations were triggered by his deep interest in education and children.

Before 1970, Kay was a member of the University of Utah ARPA research team that developed 3D graphics. As a member of the ARPA community, he also participated in the early design of the ARPANET, which became the Internet.

In 1970, Kay joined Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center: PARC. In the early '70s, he led one of several groups at Xerox PARC that together extended, merged, and developed his ideas and earlier work into modern workstations and the forerunners of the Macintosh, Smalltalk, EtherNet, laser printing, and network client-servers.

After 10 years at Xerox PARC, he was Atari's chief scientist for three years. Starting in 1984, Kay was a Fellow at Apple Computer, Inc., where he was one of a few select scientists with an independent charter to pursue radical ideas for Apple's future. He recently joined Walt Disney Imagineering as a Disney Fellow. Kay 's current interests continue to center on creating better learning environments for children and adults, especially to understand better ways to extend, capture, transmit and think about ideas via computer media.

Dr. Kay holds M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering (computer sciences) from the University of Utah. His Ph.D. was awarded for the development of the first graphical object-oriented personal computer. He earned undergraduate degrees in mathematics and molecular biology from the University of Colorado. Kay is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Royal Society of Arts. A former professional jazz guitarist, composer and theatrical designer, he is now an amateur classical pipe-organist.

Bruce Horn. Apple & XEROX PARC

Bruce Horn will tell us about work at XEROX and about the move to Apple.

Bruce Horn worked at XEROX PARC at the time Steve Jobs came on his historic visit which would inform the design of the Macintosh computer. Mr Horn was also one of the original creators of the Apple Macintosh. He was responsible for the design and implementation of the Finder, Resource Manager, Dialog Manager, the type/creator mechanism for files and applications, and the multitype clipboard design, among other architectural innovations in the Macintosh OS.

Richard Stallman. Founder of the gnu project

Richard Stallman bring his political and social views on the whole issue of progress. Having started the free operating system movement, he's not an armchair socialist, he put his money where his mouth is to work for better computer environments.

The gnu project was launched in 1984 to develop the free operating system gnu (an acronym for ``gnu's not unix''), and thereby give computer users the freedom that most of them have lost. gnu is free software: everyone is free to copy it and redistribute it, as well as to make changes either large or small.

Today, linux-based variants of the gnu system, based on the kernel linux developed by Linus Torvalds, are in widespread use. There are estimated to be some 20 million users of gnu/linux systems today.

Richard Stallman is the principal author of the gnu compiler collection, a portable optimizing compiler which was designed to support diverse architectures and multiple languages. The compiler now supports over 30 different architectures and 7 programming languages. Stallman also wrote the gnu symbolic debugger (gdb), gnu emacs, and various other gnu programs.

Stallman graduated from Harvard in 1974 with a ba in physics. During his college years, he also worked as a staff hacker at the MIT artificial intelligence lab, learning operating system development by doing it. He wrote the first extensible emacs text editor there in 1975. In January 1984 he resigned from MIT to start the gnu project.

Computer history chroniclers & story weavers.

James Burke. Technology Historian

James Burke will enlighten us with his un-paralleled knowledge on the history of technology on where he see's Doug fit in in the grander scheme of things.

James Burke's award-winning television series, Connections and Connections 2, reveal the links between science, history, social change and technology. His most recent installment, the ten-hour Connections 3, recently aired on Discovery's The Learning Channel. Burke's television credits also include The Day the Universe Changed, After the Warming (PBS) and the long-running weekly science show The Burke Special for the BBC. A bestselling author, his publications include The Axemaker's Gift, The Pinball Effect, The Knowledge Web, The Day the Universe Changed, and his latest book of essays, Circles. He wrote a monthly column for Scientific American for six years, and is currently a contributor to Forbes ASAP and Time magazine. His most recent work, a series of introductions for the book Inventing Modern America: From the Microwave to the Mouse, highlights five scientific disciplines that have produced many of the brilliant inventors (and their inventions) who have shaped the modern era. Currently, he is developing an interactive knowledge web which will go online, free to all colleges, schools and libraries.

Howard Rheingold. Technology Author

Howard Rheingold has covered the history of technology thoroughly for a long time and knows Doug quite well so he will give us a perspective on Doug in the history of interactive computing.

Howard Rheingold wrote Tools for Thought, 1984 [new edition from MIT Press, April 2000]. Next, Virtual reality (1991) chronicled his odyssey in the world of artificial experience, from simulated battlefields in Hawaii to robotics laboratories in Tokyo, garage inventors in Great Britain, and simulation engineers in the south of France. In 1985, he became involved in the WELL, a computer conferencing system. He started writing about life in his virtual community and ended up with a book about the cultural and political implications of a new communications medium, The Virtual Community, 1993 [New edition published by MIT Press in 2000]. He was the editor of The Whole Earth review and editor in chief of The Millennium Whole Earth Catalog, 1994.

Tim Lenoir. Technology Author

Tim Lenoir is a historian of HCI who will be able to flesh out the hsitory.

Timothy Lenoir is professor of history and chair of the Program in History and Philosophy of Science. Lenoir is the author of The Strategy of Life: Teleology and Mechanics in Nineteenth Century German Biology, Dordrecht and Boston: D. Reidel, 1982; paperback edition by the University of Chicago Press, 1989, which examines the development of non-Darwinian theories of evolution, particularly in the German context during the nineteenth century. His other books include: Politik im Tempel der Wissenschaft: Forschung und Machtausübung im deutschen Kaiserreich, Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag, 1992; Instituting Science: The Cultural Production of Scientific Disciplines, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997, a volume which examines the formation of disciplines and the role of public institutions in the construction of scientific knowledge; an edited volume, Inscribing Science: Scientific Texts and the Materiality of Communication, appeared in spring 1998 from Stanford Press. Lenoir is currently engaged in an investigation of the introduction of computers into biomedical research from the early 1960s through the 1990s, particularly the development of computer graphics, medical visualization technology, the development of virtual reality and its application in surgery. With funding from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Lenoir is currently constructing a web project on the history of human computer interaction. Lenoir has been a Fellow of the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation and twice a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Berlin. He is the co-founder and editor of the Stanford University Press series, Writing Science. Lenoir was named Bing Fellow for Excellence in Teaching 1998-2001

Paul Saffo. Institute for the Future

Paul Saffo's will make the future come alive as much as the history will through his informed and passionate perspective.

Paul is a technology forecaster advising a wide range of global clients on the long-term impact of emerging technologies on business and society. His essays have appeared in numerous publications, including Business 2.0, Fortune, The Harvard Business Review, The Los Angeles Times, Newsweek, The New York Times and Wired, as well as other more specialized periodicals. Paul is the author of Dreams in Silicon Valley and The Road From Trinity, both of which are available in Japan.

Paul is co-chair of The 2002 Economist Magazine's Innovation Awards, and is a Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. He was a 1997 McKinsey Judge for the Harvard Business Review, and in the same year was named one of one hundred "Global Leaders for Tomorrow" by the World Economic Forum. Paul serves on a variety of boards and advisory panels, including the Long Now Foundation and the Stanford Law School Advisory Council on Science, Technology and Society. Paul holds degrees from Harvard College, Cambridge University, and Stanford University.

On the Internet.

Robert Taylor. ARPANET/Internet & XEROX PARC `Computer Science Lab Founder

Bob Taylor will give us a first hand account of the start of the Internet (including the inclusion of Doug's ARC team as the second machine on the network and why) as well as the developments of the network later. He is also in a unique position to discuss the move of many of Doug's researchers from Doug's ARC to his PARC in the 70's.

In 1966 Robert Taylor took on the role of director of ARPA's Information Processing Techniques Office, formerly headed by J. C. R. Licklieder. Upon arrival, he began to notice a lot of duplicate work being done at ARPA funded institutions. Furthermore, these institutions were always asking for newer and better (more expensive) computers. Realizing the enormous cost associated with this Roberts decided that ARPA should link these institutions together.

Taylor's first choice to head up the project was Larry Roberts. While Roberts didn't want to take the position initially, Taylor leveraged the funding that ARPA provided to Robert's lab at MIT in order to persuade him.

Only eleven months after the launch of the ARPANET Taylor left in September 1970 to create the computer science lab at Xerox Corp.'s Palo Alto Research Center (Xerox PARC).

Doug: "Lick was willing to put some more support into the direct goal (more or less as originally proposed), but the support level he could offer wasn't enough to pay for both a small research staff and some interactive computer support. What saved my program from extinction then was arrival of an out-of-the-blue support offer from Bob Taylor who at that time was a psychologist working at NASA Headquarters (then in Washington, D.C.)(Later, Taylor moved to ARPA and became a significant factor in launching the ARPANet.). I had visited him months before, leaving copies of the Framework report and our proposal, and I had been unaware that meanwhile he had been seeking funds and a contracting channel to provide some support. The combined ARPA and NASA support enabled us to equip ourselves and begin developing Version 1 of what evolved into the NLS and AUGMENT systems."

Lawrence G. Roberts. ARPANET Manager & Designer.

Larry Roberts is someone who can really help us understand how the ARPANET developed. I mean he designed it.

In 1967 he joined ARPA to manage a wide range of computer-communication research and development for the government. While at ARPA he was responsible for the design, initiation, planning and development of ARPANET, the world's first major packet network, now called the Internet.

Dr. Roberts has received numerous awards for his work, including the Secretary of Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Harry Goode Memorial Award from the American Federation of Information Processing, the IEEE Computer Pioneer Award, the Interface Conference Award, and, in 1982, the L.M. Ericsson prize for research in data communications. In 1992, he was awarded from the IEEE Computer Society W. Wallace McDowell Award. In 1998 he received the ACM SIGCOMM communications award.

Bob Kahn. Co-creator of the TCP/IP protocol (Internet technical specification)

Bob Kahn not only brought the ARPANET to a wider audience, he also co-created the TCP/IP protocol, giving birth to the Internet. As such he will discuss the network and its implications.

In 1972, Kahn was hired by Lawrence Roberts at the IPTO to work on networking technologies, and in October he gave a demonstration of an ARPANET network connecting 40 different computers at the International Computer Communication Conference, making the network widely known for the first time to people from around the world.

At the IPTO, Kahn worked on an existing project to establish a satellite packet network, and initiated a project to establish a ground-based radio packet network. These experiences convinced him of the need for development of an open-architecture network model, where any network could communicate with any other independent of individual hardware and software configuration.

In the spring of 1973, Vinton Cerf joined Kahn on the project. They started by conducting research on reliable data communications across packet radio networks, and then studied the Networking Control Protocol, building on it to create the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

Vinton Cerf. Co-creator of the TCP/IP protocol (Internet technical specification)

Vint Cerf is someone who has not only co-created the Internet protocol, he has worked on the growth of the Internet in many areas and will present an exciting view of its history and future.

Vinton Cerf is senior vice president of Internet Architecture and Technology for MCI. Cerf is the co-designer of the TCP/IP protocol, the communications protocol that gave birth to the Internet and which is commonly used today. In December 1997, President Clinton presented the U.S. National Medal of Technology to Cerf and his partner, Bob Kahn, for founding and developing the Internet.

Commercial & Educational Development.

Werner Schaer. Software Productivity Consortium CEO

Werner Schaer has understood Doug's premise of getting better at getting better for quite some time and will help explain the concept, especially as related to software development.

Werner Schaer is the president and CEO of the Software Productivity Consortium. Schaer has directed the significant expansion of the Consortium's membership, particularly in the commercial sector. Within the last year, commercial leaders such as Citibank, EDS, SAIC, Telcordia (formerly Bellcore), Unisys, The Vanguard Group, and more than a dozen other companies have joined long-term Consortium members such as Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Rockwell, and United Technologies.

James Spohrer. IBM Director, Almaden Services Research

James Spohrer has worked in high technology and educational focused organizations and will help us understand both high tech & educational issues related to getting better at getting better.

James Spohrer, PH.D was the CTO at IBM Venture Capital Relations Group. I don't have much info on his current role. Previously he directed the work of the Computer Science Foundations Group at IBM's Almaden Research Center (ARC). Prior to IBM, Jim was a manager and later a distinguished scientist of learning technology projects at Apple's Advanced Technology Group. Earlier in his career, Jim developed speech recognition algorithms at Verbex. Jim has published broadly in the areas of the future of technology, empirical studies of programmers, artificial intelligence, authoring tools, on-line learning communities, intelligent tutoring systems and student modeling, speech recognition and Markov modeling, and new paradigms in using computers.

Mei Lin Fung. Core Planning Committee for Douglas Engelbart's Bootstrap Alliance

Mei Lin Fung will help us understand Doug Engelbart and his current work, of which she is an active part.

Mei Lin was on the board of directors for ECWise and GlueBeans. Mei Lin is one of the inaugural CRMGuru's on www.CRMguru.com which has an audience of over 250,000 global subscribers. She co-founded the Xtreme Internet Conference, March 2000, co-founded BayStart, a startup community, and founded the Silicon Valley chapter of NetMarketMakers www.svnetmarket.org. From 1999-2000 she was a program organizer for CityJava, the world's largest independent Java User group.

Between 2000-2001 she was Managing Director at Wainscott Venture Partners, a venture firm with offices in Silicon Valley, New York and Washington DC. She worked at Intel and Oracle in a variety of finance and marketing positions, spending five years in each between 1983-1993, working closely with extraordinary leaders like Bob Derby of Intel and Tom Siebel, then at Oracle. Mei Lin earned her BS (with Honors) in Mathematics from the Australia National University, her honors thesis was on differential game theory.

Prof Harold Thimbleby. Director of University College London's Interaction Centre

Harold Thimbleby's position as director of premier HCI institution allows for a provocative and learned perspective on Doug's work and its effect on our daily lives.

UCLIC is a centre for research and postgraduate teaching in the field of human computer interaction, and is jointly funded by UCL's departments of
Psychology and Computer Science. UCLIC has 30 Masters students (doing 1 year courses) and PhD students, postdocs, and research assistants on various projects, etc.

Harold Thimbleby has researched in HCI since the 1970's, particularly concentrating on "push button" type systems. He has over 345 publications, including 3 books. He is also interested in interactive TV and the foundational theories of system design.

Ed Leahy. Shadow Box Communications

Ed Leahy's career path includes the Madison Avenue advertising scene, academia and independent digital video production. This combination of experience gives him a unique perspective on the information environment we live in.

Ed has a long a distinguished career in both academia and in the advertising profession. Most recently he is Founder & Executive Director, Shadowbox Communications, a company designed to create thoughtful programming for better educated audiences, including business people.
Ed's most recent advertising experience includes a position as Executive Creative Director at HMC Consumer, an Omnicom Company. HMC's client list included Alcon Laboratories, The Upjohn Company, Eli Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb and Sandoz. He was Senior Vice President, Associate Creative Director, Carrafiello, Diehl and Associates where he worked on Lederle Laboratories' Stresstab Vitamins, the introduction of Centrum Vitamins and a variety of healthcare entries. He has also been a Vice President, Creative Supervisor for BBDO where his client's included PepsiCo, General Electric Large Lamp Division, DuPont Fibers, Upjohn Pharmaceuticals, Marine Midland Bank, Citibank, Campbell's Chunky Soup, Block Drug Company, H&R Block, Merck Pharmaceuticals, Philco-Ford, TV receivers and home appliances and Miester Brau Beer.
At Syracuse University he served as Adjunct Professor at The Newhouse School of Public Communications, Assistant and Adjunct Professor at the School of Art and Design in the Department of Visual Communications. He's been a visiting Professor to the Syracuse Independent Studies Graduate Program and, at the beginning of his advertising career, served as Faculty Advisor to the Syracuse University Advertising Design Program. At Shadowbox Ed has produced and aired the independent, digitally produced "The Circle to Dungarvan." He's currently in production with "Baseball, The kids' game," a digitally produced documentary which explores changes in American culture as revealed by the game of baseball.

HCI experts.

Donald Norman. Nielsen Norman Group

Don Norman is a formenost critic and HCI innovator who will discuss the evolution of HCI and how powerful computers and networks are making much of this advanced technology melt into our every days lives- becoming ubiquitous.

The Nielsen Norman Group, an executive consulting firm that helps companies produce human-centered products and services. Norman serves as advisor and board member to numerous companies in high technology and consumer products and to non-profit organizations in the area of policy and education.

Norman has served as Vice President of the Advanced Technology Group at Apple Computer and as an executive at Hewlett Packard and UNext, a distance education company. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of California, San Diego where he was founding chair of the Department of Cognitive Science and chair of the Department of Psychology. He is a trustee of the Institute of Design in Chicago, IL

Dr. Norman has published extensively in journals and books, and is the author or co-author of thirteen books, with translations into twelve languages, including "The Design of Everyday Things," and "Things That Make Us Smart." His latest book is "The Invisible Computer: Why good products can fail, the PC is so complex, and information appliances are the answer." Business Week has called this "the bible of the 'post PC' thinking." He is currently working on a new book tentatively entitled "Emotion & Design."

Terry Winograd. Stanford University

Terry Winograd will give his unique perspective on HCI and computer history, having a thorough understanding of AI & HCI as well as, of course, education.

Professor Winograd's focus is on human-computer interaction design, with a focus on the theoretical background and conceptual models. He directs the teaching programs in Human-Computer Interaction. and HCI research in the Stanford Interactivity Lab. He is also a principal investigator in the Stanford Digital Libraries Project.

Winograd was a founding member and past president of Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility.. He is on the national advisory board of the Association for Software Design and a number of journal editorial boards, including the Journal of Human Computer Interaction, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, and Informatica.

Publications include Understanding Natural Language, 1972. Language as a Cognitive Process: Syntax, 1983. With Fernando Flores; Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design, 1987. With Paul Adler (eds.) Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools, 1992. With John Bennett, Laura De Young, and Bradley Hartfield (eds.), Bringing Design to Software, 1996.

Ben Shneiderman. University of Maryland

Ben Shneiderman provides an exciting perspective of where computers today fulfill many of the promises we have been waiting for, augmenting our capabilities through interactive visualization.

Ben Shneiderman is a Professor in the Department of Computer Science, Founding Director of the Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory, and Member of the Institute for Advanced Computer Studies and the Institute for Systems Research, all at the University of Maryland at College Park. He was made a Fellow of the ACM in 1997, elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2001, and received the ACM CHI (Computer Human Interaction) Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001. He was the Co-Chair of the ACM Policy 98 Conference, May 1998 and is the Founding Chair of the ACM Conference on Universal Usability, November 16-17, 2000.

Dr. Shneiderman is the author of Software Psychology: Human Factors in Computer and Information Systems 1980 and Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction 1987, third edition 1998. His 1989 book, co-authored with Greg Kearsley, Hypertext Hands-On!, contains a hypertext version on two disks. He was a member of the Board of Directors (1996-01) of Spotfire whose products are based on his dynamic queries and starfield display research in information visualization. In addition he has co-authored two textbooks, edited three technical books, published more than 200 technical papers and book chapters. His 1993 edited book Sparks of Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction collects 25 papers from the past 10 years of research. His most recent work Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think is co-authored with Stu Card and Jock Mackinlay. Ben Shneiderman has been on the Editorial Advisory Boards of nine journals including the ACM Transactions on Computer- Human Interaction and the ACM Interactions. He edited the Ablex Publishing Co. book series on Human-Computer Interaction.

Institutions.

Curtis Carlson. SRI International

Curt Carlson is in charge of the very institution where Doug and his ARC team produced and introduced their innovations to the world. His knowledge of technology and work with the governments will provide valuable insight in to the environment Doug worked in.

SRI is a nonprofit research institute, is a pioneer in the creation and application of innovative solutions for governments, businesses, foundations, and other organizations, founded in 1946.

Before SRI, Carlson served 20 years with Sarnoff Corporation, a wholly owned SRI subsidiary. Carlson joined RCA Laboratories in 1973, which became part of SRI in 1987 as the Sarnoff Corporation. As head of Ventures and Licensing at Sarnoff, he helped found more than 12 new companies. He started and helped lead the high-definition television (HDTV) program at Sarnoff that became the U.S. standard and in 1997, won an Emmy® Award for outstanding technical achievement for Sarnoff. Another team started and led by Carlson won an Emmy in 2000 for a system that measures broadcast image quality.

Carlson has served on many government task forces, including the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, the Army Scientific Advisory Board, and on the Defense Science Board task force on bio-chemical defense. He was a member of the original team that helped create the Army's Federated Laboratories. He was a founding member of the National Information Display Laboratory (NIDL) at Sarnoff, a new model for government-industry technology development and commercialization. The original sponsor for the NIDL was the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), although the scope of the program included the entire intelligence community, the Department of Defense, and other government agencies. The program has grown to become the National Technology Alliance, run by NIMA, and hosted at Sarnoff and SRI International.

VR.

Jaron Lanier. Virtual Reality pioneer

Jaron Lanier work and understanding of VR provides an exciting look at rich computer augmented environments.

Currently, Lanier serves as the Lead Scientist of the National Tele-immersion Initiative, a coalition of research universities studying advanced applications for Internet 2. The Initiative demonstrated the first prototypes of tele-immersion in 2000 after a three year development period. His current tele-immersion-related research interests include real time, remote, terascale processing, autostereo methods, haptics, and software simulation component integration and reusability.

He tends to collect adjunct appointments, and is currently a visiting faculty member of one sort or another at the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, the Wharton School of Business of the University of Pennsylvania, the Interactive Telecommunications Program of the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University (where he is a visiting artist), and at the Columbia University Computer Science Department. He is also the Chief Scientist of Eyematic Interfaces, which researches computer vision. He serves on numerous advisory boards, including the Board of Councilors of the University of Southern California, Medical Media Systems (a medical visualization spin-off company associated with Dartmouth University), Microdisplay Corporation (makers of LCOS displays), and NY3D (developers of autostereo displays).

Lanier's latest research, which he has dubbed "Phenotropics", concerns rejecting traditional protocol-based approaches in favor of statistical and pattern-recognition techniques to bind software components together in order to improve large scale reliability. This work was introduced in the chapter he contributed to the 2002 book "The Next Fifty Year; Science in the Twenty First Century," edited by John Brockman.

Lanier is probably best known for his work in Virtual Reality. He coined the term 'Virtual Reality' and in the early 1980s founded VPL Research, the first company to sell VR products. In the late 1980s he lead the team that developed the first implementations of multi-person virtual worlds using head mounted displays, for both local and wide area networks, as well as the first "avatars", or representations of users within such systems. While at VPL, he co-developed the first implementations of virtual reality applications in surgical simulation, vehicle interior prototyping, virtual sets for television production, and assorted other areas. He lead the team that developed the first widely used software platform architecture for immersive virtual reality applications. Sun Microsystems acquired VPL's seminal portfolio of patents related to Virtual Reality and networked 3D graphics in 1999.